Background

Vaccination is a safe and effective way to protect humans against life-threatening diseases by providing acquired immunity or adaptive immunity to a disease. According to the WHO, effective vaccines against 25 diseases are currently available. However, more vaccine development against other disease indications is required. The revenue estimate for the global vaccine market in 2023 alone was US$ 77.6 billion and is predicted to grow with a CAGR of 3.9% by 2028 to US$ 93.8 billion.

The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic demonstrated the need for novel vaccine production strategies capable of large-scale production and rapid design. While some strategies exist that enable rapid vaccine development (notably mRNA approaches), the cost of manufacturing and logistics for vaccine distribution remain limitations for